http://localhost:8080/handle/10.34073/86 Wed, 08 Apr 2026 08:19:25 GMT 2026-04-08T08:19:25Z http://localhost:8080/handle/10.34073/318 Título : Sistema nacional anticorrupcion-Provincial y Municipal-Propuestas y análisis Autor : monteverde, Vicente Resumen : According to the Hammurabi Code, from 1760 BC, created and carved in a block of basalt, by order of the king of Babylon, it is one of the oldest laws in the world, it established penalties for some behaviors today called corrupt: “If a judge has judged a case, pronounced a sentence and presented the sealed document; If he then changes his decision, and it is proven that he changed the sentence that he had issued, the judge will pay up to twelve times the amount of what motivated the cause. Furthermore, he will be made to rise from his seat of justice and will not return again. He will never be able to sit with the judges in a trial ” The comments on this paragraph written 3760 years ago, as we see, corruption at the judicial level was already looming. Therefore, the art of corruption is a disease for any society, in ours the historical background that comes from our Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata in 1776, tells us many stories of all kinds about corruption since that time. . In recent years and from various governments, our country has suffered from systemic corruption, one of the worst, some called it kleptocracy, with collection mechanisms with respect to state, national, provincial and municipal operations. The government that took office since 2015, made some reforms (Criminal Responsibility of Legal Entities Law 27,401), reforms of structural laws (Repentant Law 27304, Decree 62/2019 of extinction of domain, law of the financing of politics), but I firmly believe that in addition to the requirements to be met for Argentina to enter the OECD, as a full member, our country should apply transparency and anti-corruption tools, available right now. We know that the political system does not want anti-corruption laws, at the three levels of government, national, provincial and municipal. For various personal reasons, I have been studying the phenomenon of corruption for ten years, from an economic point of view, I have published three books, two in Argentina, one in Spain, and seeing our country sunk in its doubts, hesitations and delays in applying anti-corruption and political tools, public and private, for this reason I dare to build a map of a national anti-corruption system, with specific tools for each area. One of the causes of corruption is cultural, it is not the main one, my intention is not to argue with the origin of corruption, if it is a development problem, or if it is an incentive when the economy is over-regulated, it is corruption and that is enough, We must take into account this cultural element in the application of instruments, since leaving control of operations and budget execution to the good will of our compatriots is not enough. For the evaluation of corruption in Argentina, I base the study on the three activities of the best anti-corruption agency in the world, the Independent Commission against Corruption of Hong Kong. In the message from their Commissioner in charge, we see that they think: “We have achieved this through a three-pronged approach, combining law enforcement, corruption prevention and community education with a highly professional and dedicated team of staff. Ultimate success against corruption, however, depends on the public maintaining high ethical standards in all dealings, showing zero tolerance for corruption, and reporting whenever corrupt events occur." In other words, the three bases of the organism's activity are: • Punishment. • Prevention. • Education. For these three aspects, I develop three specific chapters, one on the evaluation of punishment, the second on the evaluation of prevention and the third on the evaluation of anti-corruption education in Argentina, on its conclusions the instruments proposed in subsequent chapters are based. Descripción : Según el Código Hammurabi , de 1760 a.c., creado y tallado en un bloque de basalto, por orden del rey de babilonia, es una de las leyes más antiguas del mundo, establecía penas para algunas conductas hoy llamadas corruptas: “Si un juez ha juzgado una causa, pronunciado sentencia y presentado el documento sellado; si a continuación cambia de decisión, y se prueba que cambio la sentencia que había dictado, el juez pagara hasta doce veces la cuantía de lo que motivo la causa. Además se le hará levantar de su asiento de justicia y no volverá más. Nunca podrá sentarse con los jueces en un proceso” Los comentarios sobre este párrafo escrito 3760 años atrás, como vemos ya la corrupción a nivel judicial asomaba. Por lo tanto, el arte de la corrupción, es una enfermedad, para cualquier sociedad, en la nuestra los antecedentes históricos que vienen desde nuestro Virreynato del Rio de la Plata en 1776 , nos relatan muchas historias de todo tipo sobre la corrupción desde esa época. En los últimos años y desde varios gobiernos, nuestro país ha sufrido una corrupción sistémica, de las peores, algunos lo denominaron cleptocracia , con mecanismos de recaudación con respecto a operaciones de los estados, nacionales, provinciales y municipales. El gobierno que asumió desde 2015, realizo algunas reformas (Ley de responsabilidad Penal de Personas Jurídicas 27.401 ), reformas de leyes estructurales (Ley del Arrepentido 27304 , Decreto 62/2019 de extinción de dominio, ley de la financiación de la política ), pero creo firmemente que además de los requisitos a cumplir para que la Argentina ingrese a la OCDE , como miembro pleno, nuestro país debería aplicar herramientas de transparencia y anticorrupción, disponibles ya mismo. Sabemos que al sistema político no quiere leyes anticorrupción , en los tres niveles de gobierno, nacional, provincial y municipal. Por varias razones personales, hace diez años que estudio el fenómeno de la corrupción, desde el punto de vista económico, he publicado tres libros, dos en Argentina, uno en España, y ver a nuestro país hundido en sus dudas vacilaciones y dilaciones en aplicar herramientas anticorrupción y políticas, publicas y privadas, por ello me atrevo a construir un mapa de un sistema anticorrupción nacional, con herramientas puntuales para cada ámbito. Una de las causas de la corrupción es cultural, no es la principal, mi intención no es polemizar con el origen de la corrupción, si es un problema de desarrollo, o es un incentivo cuando la economía está sobre regulada, es corrupción y basta, debemos tener en cuenta este elemento cultural en la aplicación de instrumentos, ya que dejar librado el control de operaciones y ejecución de presupuesto a la buena voluntad de nuestros compatriotas no alcanza. Para la evaluación de la corrupción en argentina, baso el estudio en las tres actividades, de la mejor agencia anticorrupción del mundo, la Comisión Independiente contra la Corrupción (Independient Commission against Corruption ) de Hong Kong. En el mensaje de su Comisionado a cargo, vemos que piensan: “Hemos logrado esto a través de un enfoque de tres vertientes, la combinación de fuerzas de seguridad, prevención de la corrupción y la educación de la comunidad con un equipo de personal altamente profesional y dedicado. El éxito final contra la corrupción, sin embargo, depende de que el público mantenga loa altos estándares éticos en todas las relaciones, mostrar tolerancia cero para la corrupción, y la presentación de informes cada vez que se producen los sucesos corruptivos” O sea las tres bases de la actividad del organismo son: • Castigo. • Prevención. • Educación. Por estos tres aspectos, desarrollo tres capítulos específicos, uno de evaluación del castigo, el segundo de evaluación de la prevención y el tercero de la evaluación de la educación anticorrupción en Argentina, en sus conclusiones se basa el instrumental propuesto en los capítulos posteriores. Fri, 26 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/handle/10.34073/318 2021-11-26T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/handle/10.34073/317 Título : econometrics of corruption -Impact of corruption on the human development of Argentina Autor : monteverde, Vicente Resumen : Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this document is to demonstrate the econometric calculation between corruption perception indices in Argentina and human development indices, in a period of government, you can see the impact on the different variables Design/methodology/approach: The applied methodology is the calculation of the linear regression and its values between 30 human development indices and the Corruption Perception Index of Argentina in 2003-2015 Findings: The document concludes that the model is applicable to any country in the world, given the conditions of the theory formulated. Research limitations /implications: There are no limitations in the model, this research can be applied to any country in the world Practical implications: The practical consequence of this work is the possibility of applying econometric theory to calculate the impact of corruption on human development variables. Social implications: The social implications are the possibility of seeing the impact of corruption on the variables of human development and its effect on the quality of life of society. Originality/ value: This theory is original, it has NOT been formulated in the study of the types of corruption in the world. Descripción : Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this document is to demonstrate the econometric calculation between corruption perception indices in Argentina and human development indices, in a period of government, you can see the impact on the different variables Design/methodology/approach: The applied methodology is the calculation of the linear regression and its values between 30 human development indices and the Corruption Perception Index of Argentina in 2003-2015 Findings: The document concludes that the model is applicable to any country in the world, given the conditions of the theory formulated. Research limitations /implications: There are no limitations in the model, this research can be applied to any country in the world Practical implications: The practical consequence of this work is the possibility of applying econometric theory to calculate the impact of corruption on human development variables. Social implications: The social implications are the possibility of seeing the impact of corruption on the variables of human development and its effect on the quality of life of society. Originality/ value: This theory is original, it has NOT been formulated in the study of the types of corruption in the world. Mon, 26 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/handle/10.34073/317 2022-12-26T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/handle/10.34073/316 Título : TRANSPARENCY AND ANTI -CORRUPTION TOOLS FOR CORPORATE GOVERNMENTS Autor : Monteverde, Vicente Humberto Resumen : The management of administrators in corporations are public or private, often present difficulties in their exercise due to the groups of interest that act in society. The context of an organization currently in the 21st century is competitive, dynamic and globalized, has evolved from historical industrial revolutions, and the directionality of power relations, proves their daily business decisions. This work explains the tools for the application of transparency and anticorruption in private sector organizations, taking into account that corruption costs. A political regime, subject to systemic corruption needs a context of anticorruption transparency tools in organizations, it works lists and details them. Management tools today highlight good corporate governance practices in the world. These experiences arise as a result of various crises in the private sector, caused by some light visions and lack of shareholder control, others by inconsistency in the application of local and international standards. These were resolved, for example like the mortgage crisis, which has resulted in numerous financial bankruptcies, bank nationalizations, and constant interventions by the central banks of the main developed economies, in addition to deep declines in stock prices and a deterioration of the economy. global real, which has led to the entry into recession of some of the most industrialized economies. It is not the objective of this work to analyze the historical processes of crisis in the private sector in the world, but these previously mentioned events made it necessary to examine auditing and corporate governance procedures, since some companies such as ENRON were examples in management books in the application of the benchmarking technique.2 This chapter will focus on the theory of corporate governance in the private sector, collecting these experiences, where the various governments promulgated regulations on corporate governance for 2 Benchmarking consists of taking "comparators" or benchmarks to those products, services and work processes that belong to organizations that show the best practices in the area of interest, with the purpose of transferring the knowledge of the best practices and their application.. their companies, private or public, where the emphasis will be on the application of the concepts of corporate governance of private companies, in addition to the OECD (url-1) guidelines, what is remarkable about these standards is adding the relevant transparency and anti-corruption tools, so that these instructions do not remain a decalogue of good intentions to be applied Descripción : Chapter Wed, 28 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/handle/10.34073/316 2023-06-28T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/handle/10.34073/307 Título : CORRUPTION AND ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMY Autor : monteverde, Vicente Resumen : The corsairs were private sailors. Who was hired and served in private ships, with a license to attack ships from an enemy country. Corruption can often be a practice of systematic looting or banditry, as ancient as the crime itself and older than piracy., as the crime itself and older than piracy. The corrupt steal the disposable income from various sectors, and society becomes a slave to these practices, since this corruptive activity becomes common, like life itself, following the example of the meaning of words, bribery, means bribery, in Spanish, it becomes a rascal, a person who cheats or steals, this play on words shows us that in addition to piracy (pirate fishing in Thailand, Somali pirates, etc.), it is repealed today. In analogy, corruption assumes its role, through the performance of its networks, as a game of rascals, people who associate in groups to obtain benefits, from the private sector, public or political, through the practice of acts of corruption. As we will see in the following chapters, sometimes the intentions are not economic, some acts of corruption, are produced by avoiding rules, jumping regulations, and/or circumventing regulations, but what is important and majestic is the convergence towards an "art of corruption "that society observes and supports daily. It is a multi-causal phenomenon, today with the sophistication of transactions, offshore bank accounts, and the participation of "facilitators" of operations, the corrupting cocktail is complete, as well as the possibilities of managing money electronically. Obtaining perks, contracts, or paying lower taxes, we see that corruption becomes an art. The book redefines three areas of origin of corruption, the political sphere, with full influence in the Public sector and private sector. Continuing the globalization of phenomenon corruptive, and the appearance of interest groups in the degradation phenomenon, we develop the theory of networks, within it, we will see the characteristics of networks, open and closed networks, reaching probable "micro- corruptive worlds, or small worlds of corruption, these worlds emerge, in response to legal and illegal lobbyists. What is the basis for the emergence of corruption networks, social networks, the comparison of the aforementioned networks and their differences are developed, their breeding ground is systemic corruption or "Corruptocracy". We will review the corruption in the history of the world, through some empires, which were degraded, until being engulfed by corruption itself. The hypotheses about corruption will serve us, to determine the difference between the paradox as belief and the truth, to distinguish between the false and the true. In the chapter on the cost of corruption, data from journalistic investigations are used, and the percentages are refined based on the reality of these reports, in the bribe rate and the public works surcharge rate. Moreover, in economics it is important to model this phenomenon, in this chapter, we will analyze the economic models that best represent the economy of corruption. Descripción : In all research defining its conceptual framework, allows us not only to determine by clarifying itself, in addition to analyzing the most common types of corruption named by the literature, investigate and delve into broader issues. The advantage of the conceptual framework is knowing what we are talking about, understanding the phenomenon of corruption in itself, its mutations over time, and its potential for advancement and its technology. Several authors have drawn attention to the need for differences between isolated corruption and systemic corruption. Being the type of important difference when contrasting what kind of corruption a country faces. When there are few individuals, who commit acts of corruption in society, this is strange and relatively easy to identify. In countries where corruption is an exception, not the rule, reformers have many advantages. Anti-corruption laws, agencies, and organizations work as they should and enjoy broad support, as do independent courts, auditors, and the media. Wed, 26 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/handle/10.34073/307 2022-10-26T00:00:00Z